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Amperometry: Overview

Amperometry: Overview

Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules

Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules

Published on: June 1, 2011

Integrated electrophoresis chips/amperometric detection with sputtered gold working electrodes.

J Wang¹, B Tian, E Sahlin

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003.

Analytical Chemistry

|June 14, 2011

Summary

A novel on-chip electrochemical detector for capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems simplifies device preparation. This integrated system demonstrates sensitive detection of neurotransmitters like dopamine, paving the way for microanalytical devices.

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Dry Film Photoresist-based Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor Platform: Device Fabrication, On-chip Assay Preparation, and System Operation

Dry Film Photoresist-based Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor Platform: Device Fabrication, On-chip Assay Preparation, and System Operation

Published on: September 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Microfluidics

Background:

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems require sensitive detection methods.
On-chip integration of detection systems can enhance microanalytical device performance.
Traditional electrochemical detectors often involve complex fabrication and alignment.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a new on-chip electrochemical detector for micromachined CE systems.
To demonstrate the performance of an integrated CE chip with amperometric detection.
To facilitate the realization of completely integrated microanalytical devices.

Main Methods:

Sputtering a gold working electrode directly onto the capillary outlet of CE systems.
Utilizing an amperometric detection method for neurotransmitters.
Evaluating the linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and sensitivity for dopamine detection.

Main Results:

The on-chip detector preparation requires no microfabrication or alignment.
Demonstrated attractive performance for anodic detection of neurotransmitters.
Achieved linear response for dopamine from 20 to 200 μM, with a LOD of 1.0 μM and sensitivity of 52 pA/μM.

Conclusions:

The developed on-chip electrochemical detector offers a simplified approach for CE systems.
The intimate coupling of CE chips and electrochemical detection is feasible and effective.
This integration facilitates the development of complete microanalytical devices.