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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...
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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (SMPS-ICPMS)
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Glow discharge source interfacing to mass analyzers:  theoretical and practical considerations.

W Hang1, X Yan, D M Wayne

  • 1Nuclear Materials and Technology Division, NMT-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS G740, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Life Sciences Division, LS-5, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS M888, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CST-9, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K484, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.

Analytical Chemistry
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Glow discharge ion sources offer distinct advantages over inductively coupled plasma sources for mass spectrometry. Key differences in ion sampling and extraction processes were identified, optimizing instrument performance.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (SMPS-ICPMS)
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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Atomic Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The interface between ion sources and mass spectrometers is critical for optimal analytical performance.
  • Glow discharge (GD) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) are common ion sources, each with unique characteristics.
  • Understanding these differences is essential for efficient ion sampling and extraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the fundamental requirements for an optimal mechanical interface between a glow discharge ion source and a mass spectrometer.
  • To compare and contrast GD and ICP ion source interfaces.
  • To present experimental results clarifying glow discharge ion sampling and extraction processes.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical review of critical parameters and considerations for GD and ICP ion source interfaces.
  • Experimental investigation using quadrupole and time-of-flight mass spectrometers coupled with a GD source.
  • Analysis of ion sampling and extraction phenomena in GD ion sources.

Main Results:

  • No shock wave structure observed in the supersonic expansion of the GD ion source.
  • Ions of different masses exhibit similar initial kinetic energies, making skimmer cone angle non-critical for extraction.
  • Space charge effects in GD sources cause preferential off-axis repulsion of heavier ions compared to lighter ions.

Conclusions:

  • Fundamental differences exist between GD and ICP ion sources regarding ion sampling and extraction.
  • GD ion sources do not exhibit shock wave phenomena, simplifying interface design.
  • Understanding space charge effects is crucial for optimizing ion beam extraction in GD-MS systems.