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Related Concept Videos

Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...
Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing
08:12

Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing

Published on: March 13, 2013

Luminescence detection with a liquid core waveguide.

P K Dasgupta1, Z Genfa, J Li

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061.

Analytical Chemistry
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel fluoropolymer tube enables simple, inexpensive liquid core waveguide luminescence detectors for chemiluminescence and photoluminescence. These detectors offer excellent sensitivity and broad applications, including flow injection analysis and capillary electrophoresis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Optical Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional luminescence detectors can be complex and expensive.
  • There is a need for simplified, cost-effective detection systems for various analytical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel liquid core waveguide luminescence detector based on a fluoropolymer tube.
  • To demonstrate the versatility and sensitivity of this new detector design for both chemiluminescence and photoluminescence.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a novel detector using a fluoropolymer tube as a liquid core waveguide.
  • Transverse illumination for photoluminescence detection, enabling operation without monochromators.
  • Coupling of emitted light to photodetectors via optical fibers without focusing optics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated detection of various analytes including fluorescein, NH3, methylene blue, Rhodamine 560, formaldehyde, hypochlorite, and sulfate.
  • Achieved low limits of detection (LODs) for multiple analytes, e.g., 150 pM fluorescein, 200 amol in CE, 1 nM Rhodamine 560.
  • Showcased simple fabrication for flow-through configurations and effective light coupling to photodetectors.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed fluoropolymer tube design offers a simple, inexpensive, and highly sensitive platform for luminescence detection.
  • This approach is suitable for diverse applications, including flow injection analysis and capillary electrophoresis.
  • The detector's design allows for efficient light collection and integration with various photodetectors.