Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.6K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.6K
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

6.8K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.8K
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.1K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
3.1K
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

3.4K
Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
3.4K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.1K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.1K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic Medicine - Primed and Ready.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Feeder-free yet still naïve: improved method for capturing human pluripotent stem cells.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same author

Post-replicative chromatin accessibility predicts cell fate change.

Stem cell reports·2026
Same author

Morphomechanic tuning of ERK by actin-TFII-IΔ regulates cell identity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Modulation of Nudt21 levels reveals dose-dependent roles of alternative polyadenylation in tissue regeneration.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Metformin inhibits nuclear egress of chromatin fragments in senescence and aging.

Nature aging·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications
13:14

Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications

Published on: April 14, 2015

8.7K

Chromatin connections to pluripotency and cellular reprogramming.

Stuart H Orkin1, Konrad Hochedlinger

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. stuart_orkin@dfci.harvard.edu

Cell
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) reveal regulatory networks controlling self-renewal and reprogramming. These networks intertwine pluripotency factors with chromatin, influencing cell states and environmental responses.

More Related Videos

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

6.0K
Rapid Development of Cell State Identification Circuits with Poly-Transfection
09:21

Rapid Development of Cell State Identification Circuits with Poly-Transfection

Published on: February 24, 2023

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications
13:14

Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications

Published on: April 14, 2015

8.7K
A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

6.0K
Rapid Development of Cell State Identification Circuits with Poly-Transfection
09:21

Rapid Development of Cell State Identification Circuits with Poly-Transfection

Published on: February 24, 2023

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are crucial models for understanding cellular self-renewal, differentiation, and reprogramming.
  • Pluripotency involves complex protein and transcriptional networks that are not fully understood.
  • The interplay between pluripotency factors and chromatin regulation is key to cell fate determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interconnected protein and transcriptional networks that maintain pluripotency in ESCs.
  • To explore how these networks interact with chromatin structure and function.
  • To discuss the influence of environmental factors and noncoding RNAs on cell states and reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on embryonic stem cell pluripotency.
  • Analysis of regulatory networks, chromatin factors, and noncoding RNAs.
  • Examination of X chromosome inactivation and transdifferentiation processes.

Main Results:

  • Pluripotency is maintained by highly connected protein and transcriptional networks.
  • These networks are intricately linked with chromatin structure and function.
  • X chromosome inactivation, noncoding RNAs, and environmental cues exemplify these complex interrelationships.
  • Environmental influences can direct transcriptional programs during reprogramming via a transient "plastic" state.

Conclusions:

  • The maintenance of pluripotency is governed by complex, interconnected regulatory networks.
  • Chromatin factors play a critical role in modulating these networks and cell fate.
  • Environmental cues can induce plasticity, enabling directed transcriptional changes during reprogramming, highlighting the dynamic nature of cell states.