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Vitamin D and intestinal calcium absorption.

Sylvia Christakos1, Puneet Dhawan, Angela Porta

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. christak@umdnj.edu

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
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Vitamin D significantly boosts intestinal calcium absorption through active and passive pathways. Recent research highlights novel roles for calcium transport proteins and the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), in this process.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Vitamin D is crucial for calcium homeostasis, primarily by enhancing intestinal calcium absorption.
  • Calcium absorption occurs via active transcellular and passive paracellular pathways.
  • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is the active form of vitamin D, regulating calcium absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on vitamin D-mediated intestinal calcium absorption.
  • To explore the role of specific calcium transport proteins in this process.
  • To discuss factors influencing vitamin D-dependent calcium absorption.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and studies.
  • Analysis of established and emerging models of intestinal calcium transport.
  • Discussion of hormonal and age-related influences on calcium absorption.

Main Results:

  • The traditional model of vitamin D-mediated transcellular calcium absorption is being re-evaluated.
  • Specific calcium transport proteins play a critical role in intestinal calcium absorption.
  • Emerging evidence suggests 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also enhances paracellular calcium diffusion.
  • The distal intestine's role in vitamin D-mediated absorption is under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D's role in calcium absorption is complex, involving both transcellular and paracellular pathways.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and regulatory factors involved.
  • Understanding these pathways is vital for managing calcium balance and related disorders.