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Related Concept Videos

Quantitative Analysis01:12

Quantitative Analysis

Quantitative analysis is a technique for measuring the amount of specific constituents in a sample. When the sample's composition is unknown, qualitative analysis is performed first to identify its components, which ensures that the correct substances are measured during the quantitative phase.
In quantitative analysis, two key measurements are made: the sample quantity and a property proportional to the amount of the analyte (the substance being analyzed). This forms the basis of the method...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test01:09

Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test

The t-test is a statistical method used to compare the sample mean with a population mean or compare two means from two data sets. The test statistic is calculated from the standard deviation, mean, and number of measurements in the data set at a selected confidence interval and then compared to a table of critical values at this confidence level. If the test statistic is smaller than the critical value, the null hypothesis is accepted. In this case, we state that the difference between the...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Precipitation Titration: Overview01:26

Precipitation Titration: Overview

Precipitation titration involves the reaction of a titrant and an analyte to generate an insoluble precipitate. While precipitation titration uses various precipitating agents, silver nitrate is the most common precipitating reagent; titrations involving Ag+ are called argentometric titrations. Usually, the endpoint in a precipitation titration can be detected by visual indicators.
A precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of the titrant or analyte upon adding the...

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Quantitative APT analysis of Ti(C,N).

J Angseryd1, F Liu, H-O Andrén

  • 1R&D Sandvik Tooling, SE-126 80 Stockholm, Sweden. jenny.angseryd@sandvik.com

Ultramicroscopy
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method for accurately quantifying carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) ratios in titanium carbonitride (Ti(C,N)) using laser-assisted atom probe tomography. The improved technique corrects for detector dead-time and mass spectrum overlaps, enhancing material analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Titanium carbonitride (Ti(C,N)) is a crucial material in various industrial applications.
  • Accurate compositional analysis of Ti(C,N) is essential for optimizing its properties.
  • Laser-assisted atom probe tomography (LA-APT) is a powerful technique for nanoscale material characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for precise quantification of the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in Ti(C,N) using LA-APT.
  • To address and correct for systematic errors in LA-APT analysis of Ti(C,N), including detector dead-time and mass spectral overlaps.
  • To accurately determine the concentration of dissolved oxygen (O) in Ti(C,N).

Main Methods:

  • Investigation of a specially produced Ti(C,N) standard material using laser-assisted atom probe tomography.
  • Analysis of the influence of laser pulse energy on molecular ion formation and single/multiple events.
  • Development of correction methods for C-related peaks, including isotopic corrections for C at 6 and 12 Da, and overlap correction for C/Ti at 24 Da based on event multiplicity.

Main Results:

  • Laser pulse energy significantly affects molecular ion formation and the occurrence of single/multiple events, particularly for carbon.
  • A proposed correction method for C peaks (6, 12 Da) using (13)C isotopes and for the C/Ti overlap (24 Da) significantly improved quantification accuracy.
  • Post-correction LA-APT results for Ti(C,N) composition were satisfactory and consistent with other analytical techniques (EELS, chemical analysis, XRD).
  • The method successfully quantified dissolved oxygen content in Ti(C,N).

Conclusions:

  • The developed correction strategies enable accurate C/N ratio determination in Ti(C,N) using LA-APT.
  • LA-APT, with the proposed corrections, is a reliable technique for detailed compositional analysis of Ti(C,N), including trace elements like oxygen.
  • This advancement facilitates better control and understanding of Ti(C,N) material properties.