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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Velocity and Position by Graphical Method01:34

Velocity and Position by Graphical Method

Velocity and position can be calculated from the known function of acceleration as a function of time. The total area under the acceleration-time graph and the velocity-time graph gives the change in velocity and position, respectively. In the case of an airplane, its acceleration is tracked using the inertial navigation system. The pilot provides the input of the airplane's initial position and velocity before takeoff. The inertial navigation system then uses the acceleration data to calculate...
Three-Dimensional Force System01:30

Three-Dimensional Force System

In mechanical engineering, a three-dimensional force system is a system of forces acting in three dimensions, with forces applied along the x, y, and z coordinate axes. The three-dimensional force system is an important concept in mechanical engineering, as it allows engineers to understand and analyze the behavior of objects and structures in three dimensions. By understanding the forces acting on a system, engineers can design more efficient and effective mechanical systems that can withstand...
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Globographic visualisation of three dimensional joint angles.

Richard Baker1

  • 1School of Health, Sport and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Salford, Allerton Building, Salford, Greater Manchester M6 6PU, UK. r.j.baker@salford.ac.uk

Journal of Biomechanics
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three biomechanical methods for describing 3D joint angles, including the joint coordinate system, Cardan/Euler angles, and the globographic method, are mathematically equivalent. This equivalence simplifies understanding joint angle descriptions across various anatomical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Analysis
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Three methods (joint coordinate system, Cardan/Euler angles, globographic method) are used for 3D joint angles.
  • These methods, while conceptually different, share underlying mathematical principles.
  • The globographic method is increasingly favored for shoulder joint analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously analyze and prove the mathematical equivalence of three common 3D joint angle description methods.
  • To clarify the relationships between sequence dependence, configuration dependence, and orientation dependence.
  • To provide a framework for selecting appropriate angle sets for specific joints.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical analysis of joint coordinate system, Cardan/Euler angles, and globographic methods.
  • Demonstration of equivalence between the globographic method and a specific joint coordinate system implementation.
  • Visualization of angle sets using globographic analogues (longitude, latitude, bearings).

Main Results:

  • Proved the mathematical equivalence of the three methods for describing 3D joint angles.
  • Established equivalency between Cardan/Euler sequence dependence, joint coordinate system configuration dependence, and globographic orientation dependence.
  • Highlighted the globographic method's utility in visualizing and selecting appropriate angle sets for different joints.

Conclusions:

  • The joint coordinate system, Cardan/Euler angles, and globographic methods are mathematically interchangeable for 3D joint angle analysis.
  • The globographic method offers intuitive visualization and aids in selecting optimal angle definitions for specific joints.
  • This understanding facilitates more consistent and accurate biomechanical analyses across various skeletal joints.