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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
International Nursing Organizations II01:28

International Nursing Organizations II

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System

The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

The future of immunisation policy, implementation, and financing.

Orin S Levine1, David E Bloom, Thomas Cherian

  • 1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. olevine@jhsph.edu

Lancet (London, England)
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New vaccine technologies offer hope against infectious and non-infectious diseases, but challenges remain. Innovative financing and informed decisions are crucial for global access to these life-saving innovations.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Vaccines have historically saved lives and show potential for preventing infectious diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV.
  • Emerging vaccine technologies target both infectious and non-infectious diseases, including hypertension and diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the potential of new vaccine technologies.
  • To explore challenges and options for financing and implementing novel vaccines, particularly in low-income countries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and discussion of current trends in vaccine development and implementation.
  • Analysis of economic and logistical considerations for new vaccine introduction.

Main Results:

  • New vaccines are likely to be more complex and costly than existing ones.
  • Introduction of novel vaccines may necessitate adjustments in immunization schedules and delivery systems.

Conclusions:

  • Effective decision-making for vaccine investment requires expert advice and local disease burden data.
  • Novel financing mechanisms are essential to ensure access to life-saving vaccines in resource-limited settings.