Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The effects of handedness and age on hand role selection in bimanual tasks.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same author

Enhancing spontaneous recovery after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Temporal External Validation of the TWIST Prediction Tool for Time to Independent Walking after Stroke.

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair·2026
Same author

The Accuracy of the PREP2 Prediction Tool for Upper Limb Outcomes After Stroke as Part of Routine Clinical Care.

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair·2026
Same author

Protocol considerations for single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology·2025
Same author

Modulation of primary motor cortex after experimentally induced and use-dependent plasticity in young and older adults.

Experimental brain research·2025
Same journal

Modulating corticospinal excitability with transcranial ultrasound stimulation: meta-analytic evidence of online and offline effects.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Fast oscillations as useful biomarkers of the degree of epileptogenicity in each generalized epilepsy syndrome.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Neuropsychological, biological, and electrophysiological outcomes of gamma-tACS in MCI-AD: A case series.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Enhanced broad-band intermuscular coherence in myoclonus: a targeted characterization study.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Perturbing the vestibular cortex with transcranial oscillatory currents uncovers early postural alterations in Parkinson's disease.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

F-waves in primary lateral sclerosis: a window into spinal motoneuron hyperexcitability.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:29

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: November 7, 2025

Promoting use-dependent plasticity with externally-paced training.

Suzanne J Ackerley1, Cathy M Stinear, Winston D Byblow

  • 1Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Externally-paced training at a preferred frequency enhances use-dependent plasticity (UDP). This method shows potential for improving motor recovery and rehabilitation after stroke.

More Related Videos

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
05:01

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:29

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: November 7, 2025

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
05:01

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Use-dependent plasticity (UDP) is crucial for motor learning and recovery.
  • Understanding factors that optimize UDP is essential for effective rehabilitation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of metronome-paced versus self-paced training on UDP.
  • To compare UDP following training at preferred versus demanding movement frequencies.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy adults underwent wrist extension training under different pacing conditions (self-paced, metronome-paced at preferred or demanding frequencies).
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) assessed corticomotor excitability and stimulus-evoked movement (SEV) before and after training.

Main Results:

  • Metronome-paced training at the preferred frequency induced the most persistent UDP.
  • This protocol led to selective modulation of motor cortex excitability and directional tuning of movements.
  • Demanding frequency training resulted in non-specific effects and did not alter movement tuning.

Conclusions:

  • Externally-paced training at an individual's preferred frequency effectively facilitates UDP.
  • This approach may serve as a valuable addition to movement rehabilitation therapies, particularly for post-stroke recovery.