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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
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The segmental gastrocnemius muscles' flap: a cadaveric study.

Pawan Agarwal1, Rakesh Dawar, Prashant Yadav

  • 1Department of Surgery, NSCB Government Medical College, Jabalpur, MP, India. drpawanagarwal@yahoo.com

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Gastrocnemius muscle splitting is feasible for wound coverage. The medial belly is consistently vascularized, allowing safe division, unlike the lateral belly which requires preoperative Doppler assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The gastrocnemius muscle is crucial for lower limb function and reconstruction.
  • Understanding its segmental vascular supply is vital for flap design in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
  • Previous studies have provided general insights, but detailed segmental vascular analysis is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of dividing the gastrocnemius muscle into two segments based on its intramuscular arterial supply.
  • To analyze the vascular patterns of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle bellies.
  • To determine the potential for using gastrocnemius muscle segments for wound coverage.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study on 35 fresh cadavers.

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  • Injection of radio-opaque contrast material into the popliteal artery.
  • Analysis of 70 medial and 70 lateral gastrocnemius muscle specimens using digital X-ray techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • The medial sural artery consistently bifurcated within the medial gastrocnemius muscle.
    • The lateral sural artery bifurcated in 87% of cases, with 13% showing a single artery.
    • Mean pedicle lengths were documented for both medial (2.1-2.3 cm) and lateral (2.44-3.21 cm) sural arteries.

    Conclusions:

    • The medial gastrocnemius belly exhibits a constant segmental vascular pattern, making it suitable for safe division for wound coverage.
    • The medial gastrocnemius muscle can be safely divided due to the consistent vascular supply and short pedicle length of the medial sural artery.
    • The variable vascular anatomy of the lateral gastrocnemius belly precludes routine division without preoperative color Doppler assessment.