Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intratumoral collagen correlates with histological grade and patient prognosis in breast cancer.

Experimental and molecular pathology·2026
Same author

Dual Role of Cancer Epithelial-Specific TRAF3 in Regulating Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Lymphocyte Activity.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

AID and TET2 cooperate to demethylate Irf4 for plasma cell fate in germinal center B cells.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Serial intravital microscopy reveals temporal dynamics of autoreactive germinal centers in the spleen.

iScience·2026
Same author

Oncostatin M receptor deficiency as a novel candidate genetic cause of autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome.

Journal of human immunity·2026
Same author

Curbing Autoimmunity: A New Fab Fragment Targeting CD40-CD40L Halts B-Cell Activation and Differentiation.

European journal of immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
07:26

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

Published on: July 18, 2017

Disease-causing mutations in genes of the complement system.

Søren E Degn1, Jens C Jensenius1, Steffen Thiel1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, DK-Denmark.

American Journal of Human Genetics
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mutations in the lectin complement pathway affect immunity and development. New research links MASP-3 and CL-K1 to 3MC syndrome, revealing a conserved embryonic development role for complement proteins.

More Related Videos

High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
10:51

High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Published on: December 5, 2016

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
09:27

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
07:26

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

Published on: July 18, 2017

High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
10:51

High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Published on: December 5, 2016

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
09:27

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The lectin pathway is a key part of the innate immune system, with known roles in immunity and autoimmune diseases.
  • Polymorphisms in lectin pathway genes like MBL and MASP-2 are linked to immune deficiencies and specific conditions.
  • Recent discoveries highlight roles for complement proteins beyond immunity, particularly in embryonic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the immunological consequences of traditional complement deficiencies with newly identified developmental roles.
  • To investigate the role of MASP-3 and CL-K1 in the etiology of 3MC syndrome and embryonic development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mutations in MASP1 and COLEC11 genes associated with 3MC syndrome.
  • Confirmation of findings in zebrafish models to assess evolutionary conservation.
  • Comparison of genetic data with known functional consequences of complement deficiencies.

Main Results:

  • Mutations in MASP1 (encoding MASP-3, MASP-1, MAp44) and COLEC11 (encoding CL-K1) are implicated in 3MC syndrome.
  • MASP-3 and CL-K1 are involved in an evolutionarily conserved pathway crucial for embryonic development, as shown in zebrafish.
  • These findings suggest complement proteins have broader roles in development than previously understood.

Conclusions:

  • The lectin complement pathway plays a significant role in embryonic development, not just immunity.
  • MASP-3 and CL-K1 are critical for normal development and their dysfunction leads to developmental disorders like 3MC syndrome.
  • Complement system research is expanding to include developmental biology, alongside its established role in immunity.