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Inflorescence development in a high-altitude annual Mexican teosinte (Poaceae).

Alan R Orr1, Kevin Mullen, Darcey Klaahsen

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614 USA;

American Journal of Botany
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

High-altitude Mexican maize may have originated from ancient teosinte. This study observed unusual inflorescence development in Toluca teosinte, suggesting a natural maize-teosinte hybrid and a shared developmental pathway in Zea.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Highland Mexican maize is hypothesized to originate from high-altitude teosinte.
  • Introgression between maize and teosinte is thought to have occurred historically.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine inflorescence development in high-altitude Toluca teosinte.
  • To investigate the potential for maize-teosinte hybridization and shared developmental pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze inflorescence development.
  • Phyllotaxy and spikelet/floret development were examined in Toluca teosinte tassels and ears.

Main Results:

  • Atypical multiranked orthostiches were observed in some male Toluca teosinte inflorescences.
  • Varied phyllotaxy (tetrastichous, distichous/tetrastichous, distichous) was noted in tassels and ears.
  • Spikelet and floret development patterns were similar to maize and teosintes.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest the presence of a natural maize-teosinte hybrid.
  • This supports the hypothesis of a common developmental pathway for maleness and femaleness in Zea inflorescences.
  • A shared inflorescence developmental pattern across andropogonoid grasses is proposed.