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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Immunoprecipitation01:20

Immunoprecipitation

Immunoprecipitation, or IP, is a widely used technique that employs protein-antibody interactions to isolate proteins or protein complexes in their native state for studying protein-protein interactions, quaternary structures, or supramolecular complexes. Various modifications of the technique, including chromatin IP, cross-linking IP, and fluorescence IP, are commonly used.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, also known as ChIP, is used to study protein-DNA or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations
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Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations

Published on: August 22, 2019

Detecting selection in immunoglobulin sequences.

Mohamed Uduman1, Gur Yaari, Uri Hershberg

  • 1Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detecting selection in immunoglobulin (Ig) mutation patterns is crucial for understanding immune responses and diseases. A new web server simplifies this analysis using a Focused binomial test and Z-score statistic.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations
09:07

Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations

Published on: August 22, 2019

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08:51

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: March 15, 2019

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries
12:55

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

Published on: January 17, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Analyzing mutation patterns in experimentally derived immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences is vital for understanding immune responses, autoimmunity, and B cell cancers.
  • Quantifying selection in these sequences presents challenges due to complex parameter calculations and interpretation difficulties with larger datasets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a user-friendly web server for detecting selection in Ig sequences.
  • To implement a previously proposed Focused binomial test and enhance its utility with additional features.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a web server implementing the Focused binomial test for selection detection.
  • Integration of V(D)J germline segment identification (IMGT alignment) and batch sequence submission.
  • Implementation of a Z-score-based statistic for increased detection power and specificity, enabling combined analysis across different germlines.

Main Results:

  • The web server successfully implements the Focused binomial test for analyzing Ig sequence selection.
  • The integrated Z-score statistic enhances the power and specificity of selection detection.
  • The tool facilitates combined analysis of sequences from diverse germlines.

Conclusions:

  • The developed web server provides a simplified and powerful tool for quantifying selection in experimentally derived Ig sequences.
  • This resource aids in understanding pathogen responses, autoimmunity, and B cell malignancies.
  • The tool is freely accessible, promoting broader application in immunological research.