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Related Concept Videos

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Chemical Synapses01:26

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
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Studying Synaptic Vesicle Pools using Photoconversion of Styryl Dyes
08:46

Studying Synaptic Vesicle Pools using Photoconversion of Styryl Dyes

Published on: February 15, 2010

A readily retrievable pool of synaptic vesicles.

Yunfeng Hua1, Raunak Sinha, Cora S Thiel

  • 1Department of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany.

Nature Neuroscience
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A readily retrievable pool of synaptic vesicle proteins supports fast endocytosis at neuronal synapses. This study visualizes this protein pool

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the primary mechanism for synaptic vesicle recycling.
  • This process is considered too slow to support rapid neurotransmission.
  • A pre-assembled pool of synaptic vesicle proteins may facilitate faster recycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of a 'readily retrievable pool' of synaptic vesicle proteins.
  • To determine if this pool supports fast synaptic vesicle recycling.
  • To visualize the spatial distribution of this protein pool at active zones.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cypHer5E, a novel pH-sensitive fluorescent probe, coupled to antibodies targeting luminal domains of synaptic vesicle proteins.
  • Employed fluorescence nanoscopy to visualize surface-labeled synaptotagmin 1.
  • Monitored synaptic vesicle recycling in rat hippocampal neurons.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated preferential recruitment of a surface pool of synaptic vesicle proteins during stimulated endocytosis.
  • Confirmed the existence and dynamics of the readily retrievable pool.
  • Resolved the spatial distribution of the surface pool at the periactive zone of hippocampal boutons.

Conclusions:

  • The readily retrievable pool of synaptic vesicle proteins is crucial for fast synaptic vesicle recycling.
  • This pool is preferentially recruited to the presynaptic membrane upon stimulation.
  • Synaptic vesicle proteins are spatially organized at the periactive zone, indicating specific endocytic sites.