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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
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Published on: November 30, 2018

Dynamic prototypicality effects in visual search.

Greet Kayaert1, Hans P Op de Beeck, Johan Wagemans

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Leuven (K. U. Leuven), Tiensestraat 102, Bus 3711, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|June 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Finding atypical shapes is faster than typical ones. This visual search behavior demonstrates that stimulus typicality is dynamic and context-dependent, not fixed by familiarity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual perception

Background:

  • Neural activation is greater for extreme stimuli compared to prototypical ones.
  • This phenomenon has been observed for faces and familiar/novel shapes.
  • Behavioral correlates of these neural findings are investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral correlates of neural findings in visual search.
  • To determine if extreme stimuli are found faster than prototypical stimuli.
  • To examine the dynamic nature of stimulus typicality.

Main Methods:

  • A visual search task was employed using simple geometrical and complex novel shapes.
  • Novel shapes controlled for physical properties, isolating effects to shape space position.
  • Stimulus typicality was manipulated by altering the subset of presented shapes.

Main Results:

  • Participants found atypical shape instances among prototypical ones faster than vice versa.
  • The prototypical status of shapes dynamically changed within minutes based on presented stimuli.
  • Increased familiarity with extreme shapes did not affect search performance.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral evidence supports greater ease and speed in identifying atypical stimuli.
  • Stimulus typicality in visual search is a dynamic property influenced by stimulus distribution.
  • Familiarity with prototypes does not determine the dynamic nature of stimulus typicality.