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Related Concept Videos

Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.

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Ganglioglioma arising from dysplastic cortex.

Xilma R Ortiz-González1, Sriram Venneti, Jaclyn A Biegel

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ortizgonzalez@email.chop.edu

Epilepsia
|June 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric cortical dysplasia with a ganglioglioma suggests neoplastic potential in developmental brain abnormalities. This case highlights the link between cortical malformations and oncogenesis in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cortical dysplasia is a significant cause of intractable epilepsy in children.
  • The potential for neoplastic transformation within dysplastic brain tissue remains an area of active investigation.
  • Early diagnosis and understanding of associated pathologies are crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a rare case of pediatric cortical dysplasia associated with a ganglioglioma.
  • To investigate the potential oncogenic link between cortical dysplasia and tumor development.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of advanced neuroimaging in identifying subtle brain abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive clinical case review of a child with complex partial seizures and facial nevus.
  • Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including 3 Tesla scans with and without contrast.
  • Histopathological analysis of resected brain tissue, including dysplastic cortex and a hyperintense lesion.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with seizures, facial nevus, and MRI findings of left hemisphere cortical dysplasia with delayed myelination.
  • A subsequent MRI revealed a hyperintense lesion within the dysplastic area.
  • Histopathology confirmed Palmini grade IIA dysplasia and a ganglioglioma, indicating a neoplastic component.

Conclusions:

  • This case suggests that cellular components of cortical dysplasias may possess oncogenic potential.
  • The co-occurrence of cortical dysplasia and ganglioglioma underscores the importance of considering neoplastic processes in refractory epilepsy.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic transformation of cortical malformations.