Decreased neutral endopeptidases: possible role in inflammatory diseases of airways

Neutral endopeptidase exists on the membranes of many cells in the airways. By cleaving and thus inactivating tachykinins released from sensory nerves, NEP limits the actions of these peptides. The selectivity of the enzyme is due, at least in part, to its close association with tachykinin receptors. By cleaving and inactivating the tachykinins, it limits the concentration of tachykinin that reaches the receptor. Decreased NEP activity produced by selective enzyme inhibitors, air pollutants, infections, and oxidants leads to exaggerated neurogenic inflammation. We speculate that the multiple stimuli that enter the airways of healthy individuals normally produce small, nonsymptomatic neurogenic inflammatory responses. However, when NEP activity is decreased, the responses become exaggerated and may contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as asthma and bronchitis.