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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
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Persistent motor system abnormalities in formerly concussed athletes.

Louis De Beaumont1, David Mongeon, Sébastien Tremblay

  • 1Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.

Journal of Athletic Training
|June 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Sport concussions lead to lasting motor system changes, affecting balance and motor cortex function even months after returning to play. Previously concussed athletes show persistent deficits in postural control and increased intracortical inhibition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Sport concussions are known to impair motor function, including balance, motor execution, and motor cortex excitability.
  • These deficits can persist long after the initial injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if motor system function alterations persist in collegiate football players over 9 months post-concussion.
  • To investigate lasting neurophysiological and behavioral changes in athletes after sport-related concussions.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study comparing 21 concussed athletes with 15 non-concussed athletes.
  • Utilized force platform for postural stability (center-of-pressure displacement and regularity) and a rapid alternating-movement task for motor speed.
  • Employed transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess motor cortex inhibition (long-interval intracortical inhibition and cortical silent period).

Main Results:

  • Concussed athletes exhibited reduced randomness in center-of-pressure oscillations, indicating altered postural control.
  • Motor execution speed was comparable between concussed and control groups.
  • Increased motor cortex (M1) intracortical inhibition was observed in previously concussed athletes, correlating with the number of prior concussions.

Conclusions:

  • Sport concussions are linked to persistent changes in postural control and increased motor cortex intracortical inhibition.
  • Findings provide neurophysiological and behavioral evidence of enduring, subclinical motor system impairments in athletes post-concussion.