Dynamics of nutritional status in dying patients with acute cerebral infarction in central China: a preliminary study

Stroke is the number one cause of death in China. Although the effective management has reduced the mortality and lengthened survival, little attention has been paid to nutritional issues in patients with stroke in China. This study aimed to assess the premorbid nutrition status in dying patients with acute cerebral infarction.

In this study, a total of 185 acute ischemic stroke patients dying within 30 days were recruited from medical records. Characteristics of dying patients were assessed on admission, and serum biochemical parameters including serum total protein, serum albumin, and serum prealbumin were measured within 24 hours after stroke onset and every week routinely.

Among 185 ischemic stroke patients, 86 dying patients experienced their first-ever acute cerebral infarction, while 99 dying patients were experiencing a recurrent cerebral infarction. The prevalence of dysphagia, post-stroke pneumonia, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in recurrent stroke groups were higher than those in the first-ever stroke group (P<0.01). There were gradually declines in serum total protein, serum albumin, and serum prealbumin in dying patients from admission to death, especially in the recurrent ischemic stroke group, as compared to their normal range. The sensitive sequence of serum nutritional index for dying patients with ischemic infarction was: serum prealbumin>serum albumin>serum total protein.

This study showed that hypoproteinemia and undernutrition were serious in dying patients with acute ischemic stroke, especially in patients with recurrent ischemic stroke. This study also confirmed that serum prealbumin is more sensitive than serum albumin to assess nutritional status. The strategies to improve malnutrition in stroke patients are urgently needed in China.