Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Increased Body Temperature

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...

Types of Fever

Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...

Methods of reducing fever

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cardiac extracellular vesicle proteomics identifies mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction in carbon monoxide poisoning and their reversal by hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026

Same author

Stem cells ameliorate neurotrauma-induced visual disturbances and retinal degeneration via broad normalization of β-catenin-related signaling.

International journal of medical sciences·2026

Same author

Hyperbaric oxygen protects against periodontal bone loss by modulating inflammation and bone remodeling via RANKL/OPG expression in ligature-induced periodontitis.

International journal of medical sciences·2026

Same author

Heat acclimation prevents neurobehavioral and physiological disorders in mice exposed to chronic aircraft noise.

Physiological reports·2025

Same author

CUB domain-containing protein 1 signaling dysregulates gemcitabine metabolism contributing to therapeutic resistance in T24 cells.

PloS one·2025

Same author

Carbon monoxide poisoning triggers intestinal injury, inflammation, and microbiota dysbiosis that drive metabolic perturbations.

Life sciences·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Flow Cytometric Measurement Of ROS Production In Macrophages In Response To FcγR Cross-linking

Flow Cytometric Measurement Of ROS Production In Macrophages In Response To FcγR Cross-linking

Published on: March 7, 2019

Oxidative stress and pyrogenic fever pathogenesis.

Ching-Cheng Hou¹, Hung Lin, Ching-Ping Chang

¹Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan.

European Journal of Pharmacology

|June 15, 2011

Summary

This study reveals how bacterial components trigger fever by altering tissue redox balance, involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and glutamate. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to new fever-reducing therapies.

More Related Videos

Implementation of a Permeable Membrane Insert-based Infection System to Study the Effects of Secreted Bacterial Toxins on Mammalian Host Cells

Implementation of a Permeable Membrane Insert-based Infection System to Study the Effects of Secreted Bacterial Toxins on Mammalian Host Cells

Published on: August 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Flow Cytometric Measurement Of ROS Production In Macrophages In Response To FcγR Cross-linking

Flow Cytometric Measurement Of ROS Production In Macrophages In Response To FcγR Cross-linking

Published on: March 7, 2019

Implementation of a Permeable Membrane Insert-based Infection System to Study the Effects of Secreted Bacterial Toxins on Mammalian Host Cells

Implementation of a Permeable Membrane Insert-based Infection System to Study the Effects of Secreted Bacterial Toxins on Mammalian Host Cells

Published on: August 19, 2016

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Immunology
Neuroscience

Background:

Fever is a complex physiological response involving inflammatory and neurological pathways.
The role of tissue redox state and specific signaling molecules in fever induction is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causative and regulatory links between tissue redox state changes and fever induction.
To elucidate the involvement of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and glutamate in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever.

Main Methods:

Investigated the effects of LPS on leukocytes, leading to the release of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS).
Examined the role of inflammation-associated hypoxia in stimulating glutamate release and excitotoxicity.
Analyzed the contribution of glutamate, NO(x)(-), OH, and prostaglandin E(2) in the hypothalamus during pyrogenic fever.

Main Results:

LPS induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and activates leukocytes to release ROS/RNS (hydroxyl radical (OH), nitric oxide metabolites (NO(x)(-)), superoxide (O(2))).
Hypoxia during inflammation stimulates glutamate release, causing excitotoxicity and further ROS/RNS production.
Glutamate, NO(x)(-), OH, and antioxidants are implicated in the pathogenesis and regulation of LPS/cytokine-induced fever.

Conclusions:

Reactive nitrogen species contribute to cellular injury through lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage.
Glutamate, NO(x)(-), OH, and prostaglandin E(2) signaling in the hypothalamus are key in pyrogenic fever.
Further research into these hypothalamic signaling pathways may offer novel strategies for fever suppression.