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Fringe Science: are the corollas of Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae) flowers adapted for surface tension interactions?

Joseph E Armstrong1

  • 1Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Section, Campus Box 4120-Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4120 USA.

American Journal of Botany
|June 15, 2011
PubMed

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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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