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Translational Regulation

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Non-coding RNAs in schistosomes: an unexplored world.

Katia C Oliveira¹, Mariana L P Carvalho, Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho

¹Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias

|June 15, 2011

Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in regulating gene expression in schistosomes. This study analyzes ncRNA expression data, revealing their involvement in parasite biology and host-parasite interactions.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

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Published on: December 4, 2015

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Parasitology
Genomics

Background:

Advances in sequencing technology have increased focus on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
ncRNAs are crucial regulators of gene expression across various organisms.
Schistosome genomes and transcriptomes have been recently characterized, revealing numerous parasite genes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and critically appraise the evidence for ncRNAs in schistosomes.
To analyze expression data of ncRNAs in Schistosoma mansoni.
To explore the role of ncRNAs in parasite biology and host-parasite interactions.

Main Methods:

Review of predicted schistosome genes and genomic base coverage against public EST datasets.
Analysis of three microarray datasets for ncRNA expression in Schistosoma mansoni.
Examination of large-scale adult worm expression, TNF-α regulated gene expression, and stage-specific ncRNA expression.

Main Results:

Identification and characterization of numerous ncRNAs in schistosomes.
Demonstration of ncRNA expression in Schistosoma mansoni across different conditions.
Evidence suggesting ncRNAs are involved in diverse biological processes and physiological responses.

Conclusions:

ncRNAs are functional players in schistosome biology.
ncRNAs are implicated in host-parasite interactions and parasite development.
Further exploration of ncRNAs offers a new molecular perspective on schistosome research.