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Related Concept Videos

Plague01:24

Plague

Plague is a highly virulent zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus. This pathogen primarily circulates among rodent populations and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas. Additional transmission routes include direct contact with infected animal tissue or inhalation of respiratory droplets from individuals with pneumonic plague. These multiple transmission pathways highlight the bacterium’s potential for rapid...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Poliomyelitis01:17

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Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Progress on plague vaccine development.

Jason A Rosenzweig1, Olufisayo Jejelowo, Jian Sha

  • 1Department of Biology, Center for Bionanotechnology and Environmental Research (CBER), Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX 77004, USA. rosenzweigja@tsu.edu

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|June 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Yersinia pestis, the plague bacterium, poses a significant bioterrorism threat and remains endemic globally. Current vaccine development for Yersinia pestis is ongoing, with several candidates under evaluation to combat this deadly pathogen.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Yersinia pestis (YP) is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for the plague, a historically significant and deadly disease.
  • YP causes three forms of plague: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic, with pneumonic plague being highly contagious and rapidly fatal.
  • Despite its threat, particularly in endemic areas and potential bioterrorism, an effective Yersinia pestis vaccine is still lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current vaccine candidates for Yersinia pestis.
  • To summarize the progress in developing an efficacious Yersinia pestis vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Yersinia pestis vaccine research.
  • Evaluation of vaccine candidates in various model systems.

Main Results:

  • Several vaccine candidates are currently being evaluated.
  • Progress in Yersinia pestis vaccine development is summarized.

Conclusions:

  • An effective Yersinia pestis vaccine is crucial for public health and biodefense.
  • Continued research and evaluation of vaccine candidates are necessary to achieve immunoprotection against plague.