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Published on: February 14, 2014

Neuroanatomical changes associated with cognitive aging.

Janice M Juraska1, Nioka C Lowry

  • 1Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois, 603 E Daniel, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA, jjuraska@illinois.edu.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|June 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Normal aging causes brain tissue loss, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, with varying effects across species. Hormone replacement may preserve neural tissue in aging females.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Normal aging is associated with neuroanatomical changes affecting cognition.
  • Stereological techniques enhance the accuracy of studying these age-related alterations.
  • Previous research indicates significant regional specificity in neural tissue loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neuroanatomical changes during normal, non-demented aging.
  • To emphasize the role of stereological techniques in aging research.
  • To explore species differences and the potential impact of hormone replacement therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies utilizing stereological techniques.
  • Analysis of neuroanatomical changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
  • Comparison of aging effects across different mammalian species.

Main Results:

  • Aging leads to neural tissue loss, with the prefrontal cortex being particularly vulnerable.
  • Hippocampal subfields show less vulnerability compared to the prefrontal cortex.
  • Species differences exist, with evidence of myelin loss in human white matter but not in rats.
  • Early hormone replacement therapy may preserve neural tissue in aging females, though results vary.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroanatomical aging is a complex process with regional specificity and species variations.
  • Stereological methods are crucial for accurate assessment of age-related brain changes.
  • Hormone replacement therapy shows potential for mitigating neural tissue loss in aging females, warranting further investigation.