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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Published on: March 18, 2022

MicroRNA in osteoarthritis.

C Yu¹, W-P Chen, X-H Wang

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

The Journal of International Medical Research

|June 16, 2011

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in osteoarthritis (OA) gene expression and cellular function. These molecules show promise as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for treating this prevalent degenerative joint disease.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Science
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread degenerative joint disease causing pain and dysfunction, with current treatments often proving unsatisfactory.
Emerging research identifies novel OA targets through gene networks, epigenetics, and microRNA (miRNA) studies.
miRNAs are key regulators of cellular processes including metabolism, apoptosis, and development, with their regulatory importance increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current evidence on the role of miRNAs in osteoarthritis.
To summarize how miRNAs influence gene expression patterns in OA chondrocytes.
To explore the potential of miRNAs in OA diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating miRNA involvement in OA pathophysiology.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Published on: March 18, 2022

Analysis of research on miRNA regulation of gene expression in chondrocytes.

Examination of epigenetic and demethylation mechanisms related to miRNA in OA.

Main Results:

miRNAs significantly impact the complex gene expression profiles of osteoarthritis chondrocytes.
miRNA regulation affects key cellular processes relevant to OA pathogenesis.
Evidence suggests miRNAs are involved in transcriptional regulation and potential demethylation in OA.

Conclusions:

microRNAs (miRNAs) are integral to osteoarthritis pathogenesis and gene regulation in chondrocytes.
miRNAs offer significant potential for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OA.
Targeting miRNAs may provide a new avenue for effectively treating osteoarthritis.