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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Comparing thyroid and insect hormone signaling.

Thomas Flatt1, Leonid L Moroz, Marc Tatar

  • 1Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University Providence, RI 02912, USA.

Integrative and Comparative Biology
|June 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormones (THs) in insects mimic juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) actions, suggesting conserved endocrine signaling. This study explores these functional parallels in Drosophila melanogaster, offering insights into hormone evolution.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

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Published on: April 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Comparative Physiology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Hormonal regulation is crucial for life history transitions in diverse organisms.
  • In insects, juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) control metamorphosis and reproduction.
  • Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate similar transitions in vertebrates and some invertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss functional parallels between thyroid hormone (TH) and insect hormone (JH/20E) signaling.
  • To investigate conserved mechanisms in endocrine signaling across species.
  • To leverage Drosophila melanogaster as a model for understanding hormone function and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of hormonal signaling pathways.
  • Review of existing literature on TH and insect hormone functions.
  • Focus on Drosophila melanogaster as a model system for genetic and physiological studies.

Main Results:

  • THs physiologically mimic JH actions in insects.
  • Evidence suggests potential similarities in the molecular actions of THs and JH/20E.
  • Drosophila melanogaster serves as a valuable system for dissecting these hormonal interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Functional similarities exist between TH and JH/20E signaling pathways.
  • Investigating these parallels in Drosophila can illuminate fundamental aspects of hormone action.
  • This research contributes to understanding the evolution of endocrine systems.