Renin and angiotensin converting enzyme concentrations in the fetal and neonatal guinea-pig

1. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma and pulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) concentration were measured in fetal and neonatal guinea-pigs from 45 days gestational age (GA) until 21 days post-partum. 2. Fetal PRC increased towards term to reach values greater than those measured in normal adult males. Pentobarbitone anaesthesia of the mother resulted in significant elevation of fetal PRC after 66 days GA but not before this time. 3. PRC were very high in the newborn guinea-pig, decreased rapidly during the first 24 h after birth and then more gradually, to reach approximately adult values by day 21. 4. Fetal plasma ACE concentration increased towards term to reach values greater than those measured in adult males and decreased subsequently. 5. Pulmonary ACE concentrations were very low throughout gestation but increased considerably between days 3 and 14 post-partum. Low concentrations of ACE were measured in other fetal tissues but placental concentrations were relatively high. 6. Propranolol (0.1 mg I.P.) or saline was administered (under halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia) to fetuses of litters of various GA from 55 days to term. Fetal PRC were measured 3 h later. Propranolol treatment resulted in significantly lower fetal PRC than saline treatment in litters aged 63 days to term but not in younger litters. 7. These data indicate that the renin-angiotensin system is functional in the fetal guinea-pig during the last third of gestation. Fetal plasma renin concentrations near term are greater than those measured in normal adult males. This may, in part, reflect an increased influence of the fetal sympathetic nervous system.