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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂01:29

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools
05:27

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools

Published on: July 20, 2022

Non-mitochondrial coenzyme Q.

D James Morré1, Dorothy M Morré

  • 1NOX Technologies, Purdue Research Park, West Lafayette, IN, USA. dj_morre@yahoo.com

Biofactors (Oxford, England)
|June 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ10) plays a vital role in cellular energy production and offers protection against heart disease. Its functions extend beyond mitochondria, impacting plasma membranes and preventing oxidative damage to lipoproteins.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Open Probability of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Setting of Coenzyme Q Excess
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Assessment of Open Probability of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Setting of Coenzyme Q Excess

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Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools
05:27

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools

Published on: July 20, 2022

Assessment of Open Probability of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Setting of Coenzyme Q Excess
07:35

Assessment of Open Probability of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Setting of Coenzyme Q Excess

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Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or Q) is crucial for mitochondrial and prokaryotic energetics.
  • Its roles in eukaryotic non-mitochondrial membrane locations and plasma are less understood.
  • These locations suggest antioxidant and targeted functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the less-explored roles of Coenzyme Q in eukaryotic membranes and plasma.
  • To elucidate its function as a lipid-soluble electron transfer intermediate.
  • To understand its involvement in regulating cellular processes and preventing cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the established biochemical roles of CoQ10.
  • It examines CoQ10's interactions within plasma membranes and with lipoproteins.
  • Analysis involves understanding its impact on electron transport and protein oxidation.

Main Results:

  • Coenzyme Q acts as a transmembrane electron transfer intermediate in plasma and Golgi membranes.
  • It regulates cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratios, influencing cell growth and membrane dynamics.
  • CoQ10 directly inhibits protein oxidation and superoxide generation by arNOX proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Coenzyme Q10 provides significant cardioprotective effects through antioxidant and direct protein oxidation inhibition.
  • It prevents oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein particles.
  • CoQ10's multifaceted roles in cellular energetics and protection highlight its importance beyond mitochondrial function.