Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
12:33
Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing
Published on: July 28, 2017
[Trends of angiosperm genome evolution].
Tsitologiia
|June 17, 2011
Summary
Plant genomes, particularly in angiosperms, increased in size during the Cretaceous-Cenozoic era. This genome expansion correlated with decreased functional efficiency, likely driven by environmental shifts.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary biology
- Plant genomics
- Paleobotany
Background:
- The Cretaceous-Cenozoic era witnessed significant environmental changes impacting plant life.
- Understanding genome evolution is crucial for plant adaptation studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the evolutionary trends of genome size and functional activity in plants.
- To investigate the relationship between environmental changes and genome evolution in angiosperms.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of genome size across plant life forms and angiosperm taxa.
- Assessment of functional genome efficiency (intensity of functions per 1 pg of DNA).
- Correlation of genomic changes with paleobotanical and paleoenvironmental data.
Main Results:
- A trend of increasing nuclear genome size was observed in plants from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic.
- Functional genome efficiency decreased from early forest-dwelling trees and lianas to later grasses.
- Significant genome size increase (4-fold or more) is linked to angiosperm adaptation to Cenozoic climate cooling.
Conclusions:
- Environmental changes, including temperature, humidity, and CO2 fluctuations, likely drove genome size increase and reduced functional efficiency.
- Phylogenetic adaptogenesis of angiosperms to Cenozoic climate cooling involved substantial genome expansion.
- The study highlights a trade-off between genome size and functional efficiency during plant evolution.
More Related Videos
10:40Comprehensive Workflow for the Genome-wide Identification and Expression Meta-analysis of the ATL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Grapevine
Published on: December 22, 2017
07:09A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
Published on: May 28, 2021
Related Concept Videos
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
01:08Evolution of Microbial Genome
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.