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Test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Helplessness, Hopelessness, and Haplessness Scale in patients
Sevginar Vatan1, Sedar Ertaş, David Lester
1Hacettepe University.
Psychological Reports
|June 17, 2011
Abstract:
In a sample of 100 Turkish psychiatric patients with diagnoses of anxiety disorders, Lester's Helplessness, Hopelessness, and Haplessness inventory had moderate estimates of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity.
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