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Related Concept Videos

Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...

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Mapping the subcellular protein distribution in three human cell lines.

Linn Fagerberg1, Charlotte Stadler, Marie Skogs

  • 1School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.

Journal of Proteome Research
|June 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study mapped over 3500 proteins to 16 subcellular compartments across three cell lines, revealing conserved organelle proteomes. Most proteins were found in multiple locations, highlighting ubiquitous expression and conserved cellular organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Proteomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Protein subcellular localization is crucial for understanding cellular function.
  • Mapping protein distribution provides insights into the cell's complex machinery.
  • A comprehensive subcellular localization index is needed for human proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically map protein distribution across three distinct cell lines.
  • To create a subcellular localization index for human protein-encoding genes.
  • To analyze inter-relationships between subcellular compartments based on protein constituents.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomic analysis of over 3500 proteins.
  • Mapping proteins to 16 distinct subcellular compartments.
  • Utilizing protein-compartment networks and hierarchical clustering for analysis.

Main Results:

  • A majority of mapped proteins exhibited ubiquitous expression across all three cell lines.
  • Many proteins were localized to two or more subcellular compartments.
  • Distinct organelle proteomes were identified and found to be well-conserved across cell types.

Conclusions:

  • Biochemically similar organelles cluster together based on shared protein constituents.
  • The study provides a valuable resource for understanding protein localization and cellular organization.
  • Conserved organelle proteomes suggest fundamental similarities in cellular architecture.