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Bateman gradients in field and laboratory studies: a cautionary tale
Patricia G Parker1, Zuleyma Tang-Martinez
1Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121.
Integrative and Comparative Biology
|June 17, 2011
Summary
Bird mating systems are complex. While males benefit directly from fertilization, females may gain resources or improved offspring quality through extra-pair mating, challenging traditional views.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary biology
- Behavioral ecology
- Molecular genetics
Background:
- Molecular genetics has revolutionized understanding of bird mating systems.
- Most studied passerine birds are socially monogamous but genetically polygamous.
- Junco data suggests female multiple mating creates a steep sexual selection gradient.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the complexities of sexual selection in bird mating systems.
- To investigate the fitness benefits of multiple mating for female birds.
- To address challenges in interpreting genetic data on extra-pair copulations.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of genetic data from natural populations (juncos).
- Review of laboratory studies on insects (e.g., tenebrionid beetles).
- Consideration of factors beyond fertilization success, such as resource acquisition.
Main Results:
- Female multiple mating may not always directly correlate with increased offspring number.
- Extra-pair copulations can provide immediate benefits to females (resources, protection).
- Insect studies show direct links between female mating frequency and fecundity.
Conclusions:
- Interpreting female sexual selection gradients requires considering factors beyond fertilization.
- Molecular data may underestimate the true extent of extra-pair mating benefits for females.
- Clutch size influences male mating strategies and female choosiness.
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