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Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

Spontaneously resolving seronegative autoimmune limbic encephalitis.

Souhel Najjar¹, Daniel Pearlman, David Zagzag

¹Departments of Neurology, Pathology (Division of Neuropathology), Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, NYU-Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology : Official Journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology

|June 17, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Seronegative autoimmune limbic encephalitis (SNALE) can mimic glioma. This case highlights distinctive pathology and a rare spontaneous remission of SNALE lesions without immune therapy, offering new insights.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Pathology

Background:

Seronegative autoimmune limbic encephalitis (SNALE) is rare, with limited reported cases and even fewer with pathological data.
Distinguishing SNALE from neoplastic lesions like glioma is clinically challenging.

Observation:

A 66-year-old man presented with severe memory loss, cognitive decline, and intractable seizures.
Initial MRI suggested viral encephalitis, but treatment was ineffective. Subsequent MRI revealed a contrast-enhancing lesion mimicking glioma.

Findings:

Pathological examination of the resected lesion showed inflammatory infiltrates characteristic of SNALE, with no infectious agents or autoantibodies detected.
The patient experienced a new lesion and worsening symptoms, yet achieved spontaneous resolution and significant recovery without immunotherapy.

Implications:

SNALE can present with imaging and clinical features indistinguishable from glioma, necessitating careful differential diagnosis.
Distinctive pathological findings aid in SNALE diagnosis.
This case suggests that SNALE lesions may undergo spontaneous resolution, challenging the necessity of immediate immune therapy in all instances.