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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

Nutritional advice for improving outcomes in multiple pregnancies.

Celia K Ballard¹, Leanne Bricker, Keith Reed

¹School of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, First Floor, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Crown Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK, L8 7SS.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|June 17, 2011

Summary

Specialized diets for multiple pregnancies lack evidence of benefit. Further research is needed to determine if nutritional advice improves outcomes for mothers and babies in twin or higher-order gestations.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Nutritional Science

Background:

Multiple pregnancies carry higher risks of perinatal mortality and morbidity, often linked to preterm birth.
Maternal weight gain is crucial for fetal outcomes, prompting suggestions for specialized, high-calorie diets in multiple gestations.
The benefits of artificially boosting maternal weight gain through diet in multiple pregnancies are uncertain and may have drawbacks.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of specialized diets and nutritional advice on women with multiple pregnancies (two or more fetuses).

Main Methods:

A systematic search was conducted using the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register.
Included study designs were randomized controlled trials, quasi-random studies, and cluster-randomized trials.
Studies reported only as abstracts and crossover trials were excluded.

Main Results:

A thorough search identified no eligible trials for inclusion in this review.
No studies met the criteria for evaluating specialized diets or nutritional advice in multiple pregnancies.

Conclusions:

There is insufficient robust evidence from randomized trials to confirm the benefits or harms of specialized diets for multiple pregnancies.
A significant need exists for conducting randomized controlled trials to address this knowledge gap.