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Related Concept Videos

Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach
04:25

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Published on: August 8, 2025

Recent progress in predicting protein sub-subcellular locations.

Pufeng Du1, Tingting Li, Xin Wang

  • 1School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

Expert Review of Proteomics
|June 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting protein function is challenging due to limited experimental data. In silico methods, including sub-subcellular location prediction, offer a faster approach to understanding protein roles and biological functions.

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In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
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In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

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Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells
11:06

Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 30, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach
04:25

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Published on: August 8, 2025

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
09:20

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 23, 2010

Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells
11:06

Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • The rapid increase in known protein sequences outpaces functional annotation.
  • Experimental determination of protein function is resource-intensive.
  • In silico methods are crucial for inferring protein function from sequence data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the gap in protein function knowledge using computational approaches.
  • To highlight the importance of subcellular localization in understanding protein function.
  • To introduce and explore the emerging field of protein sub-subcellular location prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing in silico methods for protein function prediction.
  • Leveraging protein sequence data for functional inference.
  • Investigating subcellular and sub-subcellular localization prediction models.

Main Results:

  • In silico methods can effectively bridge the gap between protein sequence and function.
  • Subcellular location is a key determinant of protein biological function.
  • Protein sub-subcellular location prediction offers a deeper level of functional insight.

Conclusions:

  • Computational prediction of protein localization is vital for biological research.
  • Sub-subcellular localization prediction advances our understanding of organelle-specific protein functions.
  • In silico approaches are essential for efficient large-scale protein function annotation.