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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

From pemphix to desmogleins.

Daška Štulhofer Buzina¹, Branka Marinović

¹Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. daska.stulhofer-buzina@zg.htnet.hr

Clinics in Dermatology

|June 18, 2011

Summary

Pemphigus, a group of rare autoimmune blistering diseases, involves intraepidermal blisters and autoantibodies targeting keratinocytes. While therapies have advanced, significant improvements in treating these severe skin conditions are still needed.

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Immunology
Pathology

Background:

Historically, pemphigus was a broad term for blistering conditions and unrelated disorders.
Patients were often categorized under "other" skin diseases, lacking specific diagnosis.

Observation:

Progress in understanding pemphigus involved case reports, histology, and immunopathology.
Recent advancements include the discovery of new molecules involved in the disease process.

Findings:

Pemphigus is now defined as rare, intraepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases.
Characterized by intraepidermal blisters and autoantibodies against desmogleins on keratinocyte surfaces.

Implications:

Despite therapeutic progress, substantial improvements in pemphigus treatment are still required.
Further research into novel molecules and targeted therapies is essential for better patient outcomes.