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Related Concept Videos

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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton
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Published on: May 7, 2016

Branchial anomalies in children.

Y Bajaj1, S Ifeacho, D Tweedie

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London LS17 7WA, United Kingdom. ybajaj@hotmail.co.uk

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|June 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Branchial cleft anomalies are common congenital head and neck lesions in children. Tailored surgical approaches and complete excision are crucial for successful outcomes in managing these diverse anomalies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Congenital Malformations
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Branchial cleft anomalies represent the second most frequent congenital head and neck lesions in pediatric populations.
  • Second cleft lesions constitute the vast majority (95%) of all branchial anomalies.
  • This study reviews a decade of surgical management for branchial cleft anomalies at a leading children's hospital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze surgical outcomes for various types of branchial cleft anomalies in children.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different surgical approaches based on anomaly type.
  • To identify factors contributing to successful surgical management and complications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients who underwent surgery for branchial cleft sinus or fistula between January 2000 and December 2010.
  • Inclusion criteria encompassed all children operated on for these conditions during the specified period.
  • Surgical techniques included superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve identification for first cleft anomalies, elliptical incision for second cleft anomalies, and endoscopic diathermy for fourth pouch anomalies.

Main Results:

  • Eighty patients (38 female, 42 male) aged 1-14 years were analyzed.
  • The cohort included 15 first cleft, 62 second cleft, and 3 fourth pouch anomalies.
  • Complete excision was achieved in most cases, with complication rates varying by anomaly type (e.g., temporary nerve weakness, seroma, incomplete excision).

Conclusions:

  • Branchial anomalies are common pediatric head and neck congenital lesions with distinct types (first cleft, second cleft, fourth pouch).
  • Accurate diagnosis is paramount to prevent suboptimal surgery and repeated procedures.
  • Tailoring surgical approaches to the specific anomaly and ensuring complete excision are essential for optimal patient outcomes.