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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Complex craniosynostosis.

Marcin Czerwinski1, John C Kolar, Jeffrey A Fearon

  • 1Temple and Dallas, Texas From Texas A&M Health Center and The Craniofacial Center, Medical City Children's Hospital.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|June 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex craniosynostoses, affecting multiple sutures, often require several surgeries and are linked to increased Chiari malformations and developmental delays. Early surgical intervention and monitoring are recommended for better outcomes.

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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Plastic Surgery
  • Craniofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Complex craniosynostoses, involving multiple sutures, are rare and pose significant treatment challenges.
  • Nonsyndromic, multisutural craniosynostoses necessitate evidence-based treatment algorithms for optimal patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess long-term outcomes of complex craniosynostoses, including growth and development.
  • To establish evidence-based surgical algorithms for treating multisutural craniosynostoses.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 31 patients with multisutural craniosynostoses (excluding bicoronal, FGFR, and TWIST-associated types).
  • Data analysis included descriptive statistics on affected sutures, procedures, complications, and developmental outcomes.

Main Results:

  • An average of 2.9 sutures were affected per patient, with 1.7 procedures performed.
  • Forty percent of patients developed acquired Chiari malformations, particularly with lambdoid suture involvement (70%).
  • Postoperative growth impairment and developmental delays (20%) were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Complex craniosynostoses are associated with higher rates of Chiari malformations and developmental delays compared to single-suture synostoses.
  • Surgical strategies should consider sutural involvement, compensatory overcorrection, and routine MRI for Chiari monitoring.
  • Evidence-based treatment algorithms are crucial for managing these complex cases.