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China's process and challenges in achieving the United Nations Millennium
Xing-lin Feng1, Qing Yang, Ling Xu
1Department of Health Policy and Administration, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
Summary
China is achieving Millennium Development Goal 5 for maternal health, but significant disparities persist. Rural areas face higher maternal mortality risks, with preventable causes and limited access to quality care being major issues.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Maternal Health
- Health Disparities
Background:
- China aimed to achieve United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5.
- Focus on maternal survival and cost-effective interventions.
- Analysis highlights existing disparities in maternal health outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- Analyze maternal survival and intervention coverage in China.
- Investigate disparities in maternal mortality.
- Identify factors contributing to maternal mortality.
Main Methods:
- Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) estimated using national surveillance data.
- Intervention coverage analyzed via National Health Services Survey.
- Expert consultations supplemented data.
Main Results:
- Significant reduction in MMR, but disparities between urban and rural areas (II-IV) are substantial.
- Rural areas bear over 70% of the maternal mortality burden.
- Leading causes include hemorrhage, hypertension, embolism, and sepsis; over 75% are preventable/curable.
- Utilization and quality of maternal health services decrease with regional development.
- Financial difficulties and socioeconomic factors hinder access to care.
Conclusions:
- China is progressing towards MDG 5, but significant rural-urban disparities remain.
- Targeting rural areas (II-IV) is crucial for reducing maternal mortality.
- Insufficient coverage and poor quality of maternal and child health (MCH) services are key factors.
- Addressing preventable causes through essential obstetrical care is necessary.
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