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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Polybenzimidazole block sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) ionomers.

Feifei Ng1, Byungchan Bae, Kenji Miyatake

  • 1Fuel Cells Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New ionomers combining polybenzimidazole and sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) exhibit superior thermal stability. Their unique structure enables high proton conductivity across a broad humidity range, making them promising for fuel cell applications.

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
09:02

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Proton exchange membranes are crucial for fuel cell performance.
  • Developing materials with high proton conductivity and thermal stability is essential.
  • Polybenzimidazole (PBI) and sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPES) are promising polymer backbones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel ionomers based on PBI-b-SPES block copolymers.
  • To investigate the relationship between morphology, thermal properties, and proton conductivity.
  • To evaluate the potential of these ionomers for fuel cell applications.

Main Methods:

  • Block copolymer synthesis and characterization.
  • Ion exchange capacity and degree of sulfonation determination.
  • Proton conductivity measurements under various humidity conditions.
  • Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Main Results:

  • The novel ionomers demonstrated excellent thermal properties.
  • Ionic aggregation of sulfonic acid groups resulted in well-developed phase-separated morphology.
  • High proton conductivity was achieved, reaching up to 65 mS cm(-1) at 90% relative humidity.
  • The materials maintained good performance across a wide humidity range.

Conclusions:

  • The PBI-b-SPES ionomers exhibit a promising combination of thermal stability and proton conductivity.
  • The observed morphology-property relationship highlights the importance of ionic aggregation.
  • These materials represent a significant advancement for fuel cell technology.