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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
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Published on: May 10, 2019

Human cochlear tuning estimates from stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions.

Thomas Bentsen1, James M Harte, Torsten Dau

  • 1Center for Applied Hearing Research, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Two methods for measuring human cochlear tuning produced different results. The phase-gradient delay method is more likely to accurately reflect cochlear tuning than two-tone suppression.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Otoacoustic Emissions
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Objective measures of cochlear tuning are crucial for understanding auditory function.
  • Stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) offer two potential measurement approaches: phase-gradient delay and two-tone suppression (2TS) tuning curves.
  • Previous research suggests these methods may yield different outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether SFOAE phase-gradient delay and 2TS tuning curves provide comparable measures of cochlear tuning in humans.
  • To determine the frequency dependence of cochlear tuning sharpness using these two objective measures.
  • To identify which measure more accurately reflects true cochlear tuning.

Main Methods:

  • Ten young, normal-hearing adults participated in two experiments across three frequency bands (1-2 kHz, 3-4 kHz, 5-6 kHz).
  • Experiment 1 measured SFOAE latency as a function of stimulus frequency.
  • Experiment 2 measured 2TS iso-input tuning curves.
  • Both datasets were converted to sharpness-of-tuning factors using equivalent rectangular bandwidth.

Main Results:

  • Both measures showed frequency-dependent sharpness-of-tuning, with tuning becoming sharper at higher frequencies.
  • Experiment 2 (2TS) exhibited only weak frequency dependence, aligning with some literature.
  • A statistically significant and large absolute difference was found between the two tuning estimates.
  • The 2TS measure demonstrated significantly sharper tuning than the phase-gradient delay measure.

Conclusions:

  • The two objective measures of cochlear tuning (SFOAE phase-gradient delay and 2TS) yield significantly different results.
  • The 2TS measure likely reflects the properties of the suppression mechanism rather than true cochlear tuning.
  • SFOAE phase-gradient delay is proposed as the more reliable objective measure for assessing human cochlear tuning.