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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

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Innate immunity in allergic disease.

Michael Minnicozzi¹, Richard T Sawyer, Matthew J Fenton

¹Asthma, Allergy and Inflammation Branch, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-6601, USA.

Immunological Reviews

|June 21, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The innate immune system interacts with allergens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This interaction can lead to immune tolerance or allergic disease by influencing the acquired immune response.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Allergy Research
Innate and Acquired Immunity

Background:

The innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
Allergens often contain PAMPs and DAMPs, and are encountered by the innate immune system in tissues like the airways, gut, and skin.
Normally, allergen interaction promotes immune tolerance, but in allergic diseases, it causes inflammation and loss of tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the relationship between allergens and the innate immune system.
To highlight how innate immune responses to allergens influence the acquired immune system.
To underscore the balance between immune homeostasis and allergic disease.

Main Methods:

Review of current scientific literature.
Analysis of the role of pattern recognition receptors in allergen recognition.
Examination of T-cell subset involvement in allergic outcomes.

Main Results:

Allergens, PAMPs, and DAMPs activate the innate immune system.
Innate immune responses to allergens dictate acquired immune responses, involving T-helper 2, regulatory T, and T-helper 17 cells.
The interplay between innate and acquired immunity determines either homeostasis or allergic disease.

Conclusions:

The innate immune system is a critical interface between environmental exposures and immune tolerance or allergy.
Understanding the innate immune system's response to allergens is key to managing allergic diseases.
New research emphasizes the crucial link between innate immunity, allergens, and the development of allergic conditions versus immune balance.