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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis
06:23

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

Published on: May 23, 2021

Spondyloarthritis.

Maxime Dougados1, Dominique Baeten

  • 1Paris-Descartes University, Medicine Faculty, UPRES EA 4058, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Department of Rheumatology B, Paris, France. m.doug@cch.aphp.fr

Lancet (London, England)
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spondyloarthritis encompasses several related conditions, with recent advances improving classification and understanding of inflammation. Future research aims for early diagnosis and treatments to halt structural damage and achieve long-term remission.

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Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Spondyloarthritis is a spectrum of related disorders including psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-related arthritis, reactive arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
  • Significant progress in the last decade has enhanced recognition, classification, and understanding of the genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying spondyloarthritis.
  • Advances in clinical and imaging outcomes facilitate the evaluation of therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of spondyloarthritis, including its classification and underlying mechanisms.
  • To assess the impact of recent therapeutic advances, particularly tumor necrosis factor blockers.
  • To identify key challenges and future directions for managing spondyloarthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in spondyloarthritis research.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic modalities and their efficacy.
  • Identification of unmet needs and future research priorities.

Main Results:

  • Tumor necrosis factor blockers represent a major therapeutic breakthrough.
  • The precise roles of physiotherapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other biological treatments require further elucidation.
  • Progress has been made in understanding disease mechanisms, inflammation, and tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis techniques are crucial for effective management.
  • Therapeutic strategies should focus on modulating structural damage.
  • The ultimate goal is to induce long-term, drug-free remission in patients with spondyloarthritis.