Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

New guidance notes to drive rational prescription of antimicrobials for community settings in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2026

Same author

Validation of the Turkish pediatric incontinence questionnaire (PinQ-TR): A reliable measure for assessing HRQoL in children with LUTD.

Journal of pediatric urology·2025

Same author

Cross-cultural translation into Chinese and psychometric evaluation of a screening tool for nocturia: the Targeting the individual's Aetiology of Nocturia to Guide Outcomes (TANGO) questionnaire.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2023

Same author

Next-generation sequencing for deducing donor mismatched human leukocyte antigen typing from urine of kidney transplant recipients: abridged secondary publication.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2022

Same author

Modified urine typing to enhance clinical management in kidney transplant patients with unknown donor human leukocyte antigen typing: abridged secondary publication.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2022

Same author

Picture-in-picture video demonstration of systematic transperineal prostate biopsy.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Lower urinary tract changes in young adults using ketamine.

S K Mak¹, M T Y Chan, W F Bower

¹Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North District Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. maksk@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk

The Journal of Urology

|June 21, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Frequent ketamine use (3+ times weekly) significantly impacts bladder function, causing urgency and pain. However, bladder function can normalize after one year of ketamine abstinence.

More Related Videos

Cystometric and External Urethral Sphincter Measurements in Awake Rats with Implanted Catheter and Electrodes Allowing for Repeated Measurements

Cystometric and External Urethral Sphincter Measurements in Awake Rats with Implanted Catheter and Electrodes Allowing for Repeated Measurements

Published on: January 30, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Cystometric and External Urethral Sphincter Measurements in Awake Rats with Implanted Catheter and Electrodes Allowing for Repeated Measurements

Cystometric and External Urethral Sphincter Measurements in Awake Rats with Implanted Catheter and Electrodes Allowing for Repeated Measurements

Published on: January 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Urology
Addiction Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Ketamine abuse is a growing public health concern.
Chronic ketamine use is associated with significant genitourinary toxicity.
Understanding the specific lower urinary tract (LUT) changes in community ketamine users is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To profile lower urinary tract changes in community ketamine users.
To determine the relative risks of ketamine dose, frequency, and duration on LUT function.

Main Methods:

A mobile medical assessment service screened ketamine users at youth centers.
Lower urinary tract function was assessed using the Pelvic Pain, Urgency and Frequency (PUF) questionnaire, uroflowmetry, and ultrasonography.

Main Results:

Ketamine use >3 times/week correlated with reduced voided volumes.
Prolonged ketamine use (>24 months) was linked to higher PUF scores.
Abstinence improved LUT function, with significant score reduction and increased voided volumes after 1 year.

Conclusions:

Ketamine users with a history of heavy, long-term use exhibit recognizable bladder dysfunction.
These functional changes are potentially reversible with sustained ketamine abstinence.
Findings support developing community-based health promotion for drug cessation.