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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects
10:16

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Published on: February 8, 2014

Hard X-ray Fourier transform holography from an array of oriented referenced objects.

Hiroyuki Iwamoto1, Naoto Yagi

  • 1Research and Utilization Division, SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan. iwamoto@spring8.or.jp

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hard X-ray Fourier transform holography (HXFTH) can now image nanoscale objects using an array of referenced objects. This technique overcomes low scattering intensity, making it suitable for imaging weakly diffracting biological molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Hard X-ray Fourier transform holography (HXFTH) offers nanoscale imaging capabilities.
  • Low scattering intensity from small objects and hard X-rays limits HXFTH.
  • Current methods struggle with imaging weak scatterers like biological molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the feasibility of using an array of oriented objects with individual references for HXFTH.
  • To enhance scattering intensity for improved nanoscale imaging.
  • To assess the potential of this method for biological imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of nanofabricated test patterns in a 5 × 5 matrix.
  • Experimental recording of diffraction patterns using hard X-rays (8 keV).
  • Image restoration from recorded diffraction data using HXFTH principles.

Main Results:

  • Clear restoration of the original test pattern image was achieved with a 60 s exposure on an imaging plate.
  • The image remained recognizable with a significantly shorter exposure of 500 ms on a CCD detector.
  • Demonstrated the workability of the array-based HXFTH approach.

Conclusions:

  • The use of an array of referenced oriented objects is a workable strategy for HXFTH.
  • This method significantly improves signal detection, addressing the low scattering intensity issue.
  • The approach shows practical promise for imaging biological molecules and other weak scatterers.