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Exercise does not attenuate early CAD progression in a pig model.

Arturo A Arce-Esquivel¹, Kurt V Kreutzer, James W E Rush

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. arcea@missouri.edu

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|June 21, 2011

Summary

A high-fat diet promoted early coronary artery disease markers. Exercise training did not alter these in larger arteries but increased antioxidant capacity in smaller coronary arterioles, suggesting differential effects on vascular beds.

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Research
Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis
Exercise Physiology

Background:

High-fat (HF) diets are linked to cardiovascular disease.
Early-stage coronary artery disease (CAD) involves specific vascular phenotypes.
Exercise (Ex) is known to have cardioprotective effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of a high-fat diet and exercise on coronary arteries in an early-stage CAD animal model.
To determine if exercise can mitigate diet-induced proatherogenic changes.
To assess the effects of diet and exercise on antioxidant and inflammatory markers in coronary macro- and microvasculature.

Main Methods:

Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze left anterior descending and right coronary arteries.

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Immunoblots were performed on left anterior descending and left ventricular arterioles.

These methods characterized the effects of HF diet and Ex on coronary atherosclerosis progression.

Main Results:

HF diet induced a proatherogenic endothelial cell phenotype, marked by increased inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
Exercise training did not significantly alter these markers in conduit coronary arteries.
Exercise training increased antioxidant protein content specifically in left ventricular arterioles.

Conclusions:

Exercise did not reverse proatherogenic phenotypes in conduit coronary arteries at early CAD stages.
Exercise enhanced antioxidant capacity in coronary arterioles, indicating a beneficial effect on the microvasculature.
Endothelial phenotype expression differs between the macrovasculature and microvasculature of the coronary circulation.