Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Spin environment of a superconducting qubit in high magnetic fields.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Exploring superconductivity under strong coupling with the vacuum electromagnetic field.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Same author

Granular aluminium nanojunction fluxonium qubit.

Nature materials·2022

Same author

A single hole spin with enhanced coherence in natural silicon.

Nature nanotechnology·2022

Same author

Reducing the impact of radioactivity on quantum circuits in a deep-underground facility.

Nature communications·2021

Same author

Retinal hemangioblastoma treated with photodynamic therapy.

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Supramolecular spin valves.

M Urdampilleta¹, S Klyatskaya, J-P Cleuziou

¹Institut Néel, CNRS et Université Joseph Fourier, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.

Nature Materials

|June 21, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a novel spin valve using a carbon nanotube quantum dot and single-molecule magnets. This device achieves high magnetoresistance without magnetic leads, paving the way for new quantum spintronic devices.

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Pneumatic Cages: A Novel Approach for In-chip Crystal Trapping, Manipulation and Controlled Chemical Treatment

Microfluidic Pneumatic Cages: A Novel Approach for In-chip Crystal Trapping, Manipulation and Controlled Chemical Treatment

Published on: July 12, 2016

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Published on: July 4, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Microfluidic Pneumatic Cages: A Novel Approach for In-chip Crystal Trapping, Manipulation and Controlled Chemical Treatment

Microfluidic Pneumatic Cages: A Novel Approach for In-chip Crystal Trapping, Manipulation and Controlled Chemical Treatment

Published on: July 12, 2016

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Published on: July 4, 2016

Area of Science:

Molecular spintronics
Quantum dot devices
Supramolecular chemistry

Background:

Magnetic molecules are key for spintronic devices, combining bottom-up and top-down fabrication.
Existing spintronic devices utilize effects like giant magnetoresistance and tunnel magnetoresistance.
Recent advances include improved spin-relaxation times in organic semiconductors and single-molecule magnet applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an original spin-valve device utilizing supramolecular interactions.
To demonstrate a functional supramolecular spin valve without magnetic leads.
To explore new spintronic devices with quantum properties.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a spin-valve device with a non-magnetic molecular quantum dot (single-walled carbon nanotube).
Lateral coupling of the quantum dot to terbium phthalocyanine (TbPc(2)) single-molecule magnets via supramolecular interactions.
Measurement of electrical transport and magnetoresistance at temperatures below 1 K.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a magnetic field dependence of electrical transport through the carbon nanotube quantum dot.
Achieved significant magnetoresistance ratios up to 300%.
Successfully operated a supramolecular spin valve without the need for magnetic electrodes.

Conclusions:

The study successfully demonstrates a novel supramolecular spin valve functionality.
The device leverages localized magnetic moments of single-molecule magnets for magnetoresistance.
Results open new avenues for designing spintronic devices with inherent quantum properties.