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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
09:43

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

Examining surface and bulk structures using combined nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies.

Chi Zhang1, Jie Wang, Alexander Khmaladze

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. zhangchi@umich.edu

Optics Letters
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study integrates sum-frequency generation (SFG) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy. This combined approach analyzes both surface and bulk material structures efficiently without sample relocation.

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Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering
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Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
09:43

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy
08:49

Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy

Published on: December 1, 2023

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering
09:13

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Characterizing material surfaces and bulk structures often requires separate techniques.
  • Simultaneous analysis of surface and bulk properties is crucial for understanding material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unified spectroscopic system for analyzing both surface and bulk material structures.
  • To demonstrate the capability of a combined SFG-CARS system for material characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated sum-frequency generation (SFG) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy into a single experimental setup.
  • Utilized the system to analyze poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) thin films before and after plasma treatment.
  • Assessed the sensitivity of the combined technique by varying polymer film thickness and employing a lipid monolayer.

Main Results:

  • The integrated SFG-CARS system successfully analyzed surface (SFG) and bulk (CARS) structures of polymer films.
  • Demonstrated the ability to probe material changes induced by plasma treatment.
  • Confirmed the sensitivity of the technique for thin films and molecular layers.

Conclusions:

  • A combined SFG-CARS system offers a powerful, efficient method for simultaneous surface and bulk material analysis.
  • This integrated approach simplifies experimental procedures by eliminating the need for sample transfer between techniques.
  • The system shows promise for advanced materials characterization and surface science applications.