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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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A Versatile Monomer for Preparing Well-Defined Functional Polycarbonates and Poly(ester-carbonates).

Jianwen Xu1, Fioleda Prifti, Jie Song

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.

Macromolecules
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new azido-functionalized monomer, AzDXO, for creating functional degradable polymers. This monomer enables controlled polymerization and easy side-chain modification, offering a versatile platform for advanced biomaterials.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Growing demand for functional degradable biomaterials.
  • Lack of versatile building blocks for modular polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel azido-functionalized monomer for creating well-defined functional polymers.
  • To demonstrate controlled polymerization and post-polymerization modification capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Azido-functionalized cyclic carbonate monomer (AzDXO) synthesis.
  • Controlled/"living" ring-opening polymerization of AzDXO and copolymerization with lactide.
  • Copper-catalyzed and copper-free strain-promoted azido-alkyne cycloaddition for functionalization.

Main Results:

  • AzDXO enabled controlled polymerization kinetics.
  • Homopolymers (polycarbonates) and copolymers (poly(ester-carbonates)) with narrow polydispersity were synthesized.
  • Facile side-chain functionalization of polymers was achieved via click chemistry.

Conclusions:

  • AzDXO is a versatile, easily synthesized monomer for preparing functional polycarbonates and poly(ester-carbonates).
  • This approach provides a practical solution for designing advanced degradable biomaterials with tunable properties.