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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
The DNA Helix01:16

The DNA Helix

Overview
The DNA Helix01:07

The DNA Helix

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Molecular computing by PNA:PNA duplex formation.

Filbert Totsingan1, Rosangela Marchelli, Roberto Corradini

  • 1Department of Chemistry; New York University; NY USA.

Artificial DNA, PNA & XNA
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) interactions for molecular computing, successfully solving a two-variable equation using a microarray. PNA shows promise for developing stable, organic-type computers.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Computer Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Molecular computing offers potential for massive parallel processing.
  • Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA) are synthetic DNA mimics with high stability and specific binding.
  • PNA:PNA interactions present a novel approach for molecular computing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first use of PNA:PNA interactions in molecular computing.
  • To design and test PNA sequences for encoding variables and solutions.
  • To validate PNA's suitability for constructing organic-type computers.

Main Methods:

  • Designing short PNA sequences with a four-base coding region for variables and solutions.
  • Testing PNA hybridization in solution and on a microarray surface.

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Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures
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Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

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  • Utilizing a microarray with spotted PNA solutions and TAMRA-labeled PNA variables to perform logic operations.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully simulated hardware using a PNA microarray.
    • Enabled solving non-deterministic logic operations via PNA hybridization.
    • Demonstrated solving a two-variable equation with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

    Conclusions:

    • PNA:PNA interactions are effective for molecular computing.
    • PNA's stability and specific binding make it suitable for organic computing hardware.
    • This work provides a proof of principle for PNA-based molecular computers.